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Allah is the Arabic word for 'The God' - the One and Only Creator of the universe. It is the same word used by Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews to refer to God. The word 'Allah' has no plural or gender, emphasizing the uniqueness of God.
Allah is described in the Qur'an with many beautiful names and attributes. He is Ar-Rahman (The Most Merciful), Al-Alim (The All-Knowing), Al-Khaliq (The Creator), and As-Salam (The Source of Peace). Muslims believe Allah has 99 beautiful names that describe His perfect qualities.
The most fundamental concept in Islam is Tawhid - the absolute oneness of God. Allah has no partners, no children, and no equals. He was not born, nor does He give birth. This pure monotheism is the foundation of Islamic faith.
"Say, 'He is Allah, [who is] One'"
"Allah - there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining"
"He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed"
Sources: Qur'an, Tafsir Ibn Kathir